MANONMANIAM SUNDARANAR UNIVERSITY

B.Sc. Chemistry

Course structure under CBCS

(For the candidates admitted in the academic year 2008-2009)
I Semester
Component Course title Hrs/week Credits Exam Hrs
Part I Tamil / Language 6 3 3
Part II English 6 3 3
Part III Core Subject
Paper I
Inorganic chemistry I
Paper II
Organic chemistry I
Practical (Volumetric analysis) 		4

4
2 		4

4
-		 3

3
-
  Allied Subject I 6 4 3
Part IV Environmental studies 2 2  
Total (6 courses) 30 20  


II Semester
Component Course title Hrs/week Credits Exam Hrs
Part I Tamil / Language 6 3 3
Part II English 6 3 3
Part III Core Subject
Paper I
Physical chemistry I
Paper II
Inorganic chemistry I
Practical (Volumetric analysis) 		4

4
2 		4

4
2		 3

3
3
  Allied Subject I 6 6 3
Part IV Value based education 2 2  
Total (7 courses) 30 24  


The total number of courses may be 7 or 8 depending on the Allied subject as per the student's option.

Evaluation


Each paper in Theory and practical will have two components (Internal & External Assessment)

Mark Distribution
Theory : 25:75
Practical : 40:60

Internal Assessment 25 marks
Average of best of two tests from 3 compulsory tests 20 marks
Assignment 5 marks
There is a pass minimum of 35% for external and overall components.
Question pattern for Theory as per OGC recommendation.

Marks: 75 (External)

Part A: 10 Questions of multiple choice (two questions from each unit)- 10 marks.
Part B: 5 Questions (with either or choice) of 5 marks each. There shall be one questions from each unit (with either or choice) – 5 x 5 = 25 marks.
Part C: 5 Questions (with either or choice) of 8 marks each. There shall be one question from each unit (with either or choice) – 5 x 8 = 40 marks.
Total = 75 Marks.

SEMESTER I
PAPER I - INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

4 Hrs/Week                                                   60 Hrs/ Semester                                     Credits : 4
Unit I - Atomic Structure
Objective :
To study the atomic structure from wave mechanical concept.
Dual nature of matter – de-Broglie equation-verification using Davisson Germer experiment-Heisenberg uncertainty Principle-Compton effect-Introduction to Quantum mechanics – Schrodinger Wave equation (derivation not required) – Solution of Schrodinger equation for hydrogen atom and expression of the energy of electron in orbit-Radial and angular wave functions – Eigen wave function and Eigen value.

Significance of ? and ?2 – Wave function and shape of the orbitals – Quantum numbers – Probability distribution of electron around the nucleus – Radial probability distribution.

Unit 2 Periodic Table
Objective :
To learn the periodic table and periodicity in properties Long form of Periodic table – Classification of elements on the basis of electronic configuration – Periodicity in properties – cause of periodicity – atomic and ionic radii – electron affinity – ionisation energy – electronegativity – Pauling and Mullikan scale – Allred and Rochow's scale – factors affecting the magnitude of electronegativity – application of electronegativity.

Unit 3 Chemical Bonding I
Objective:
To understand the concept of ionic bonding in molecules onic bond – Factors favoring formation of ionic bond – ionization potential, electron affinity and electronegativity. Lattice energy of ionic compounds – definition and determination – Born – Haber cycle and Born – Lande equation. Factors affecting lattice energy – Explanation of some properties of ionic crystals on the basic of lattice energy – Solubility of ionic crystals – Stability of ionic compounds. Fajan's rule Van der waals forces – Ion-ion-dipole interactions-Hydrogen bonding – intra and inter molecular hydrogen bonding – theory and applications.

Unit 4 Chemical Bonding II
Objective:
To understand the concept of covalent bonding in molecules To understand the concept of covalent bonding in molecules Chemical – sigma and pi bonds. Hybridization and geometry of molecules – sp, sp2, sp3, sp3 d and d2 sp3 hybridization with example, VSEPR theory – shapes of molecules – molecular orbital theory – Bonding and antibonding orbitals relative order of energies of molecular orbitals – MO theory applied to homonuclear molecules – H2, O2, F2 and Cl2; hetero nuclear molecules like HF, CO and NO- comparative study of VB and MO theories. Chemical – sigma and pi bonds. Hybridization and geometry of molecules – sp, sp2, sp3, sp3 d and d2 sp3 hybridization with example, VSEPR theory – shapes of molecules – molecular orbital theory – Bonding and antibonding orbitals relative order of energies of molecular orbitals – MO theory applied to homonuclear molecules – H2, O2, F2 and Cl2; hetero nuclear molecules like HF, CO and NO- comparative study of VB and MO theories.

Unit 5: Zero Group Elements
Objectives:
To study the chemistry of Hydrides.
To study the nature of inert gases and their compounds.
To study the nature of inert gases and their compounds.
Zero Group Elements-Position in the periodic table – Occurrence of noble gases – Chemical inertness – Isolation of inert gases by physical and chemical methods – Uses of inert gases – Clathrates and their uses – Compounds of Xenon and their structure.

Books for reference
  1. Modern Inorganic Chemistry R.D.Madan, S. Chand & Company Ltd.
  2. Concise Inorganic chemistry J.D.Lee 5th Edition., Blackwell Science Ltd, Oxfor.2002.
  3. Principles of Inorganic Chemistry R.B. Puri & L.R. Sharma Sultan Chand.
  4. Analytical chemistry Theory and practice, U.N. Dash. Sultan Chand and sons Educational Publishers, New Delhi 1995.
  5. Advanced Inorganic chemistry volume 1 – Satyaprakash and R.D. Madan S. Chand and company, New Delhi.
I - SEMESTER
Organic Chemistry Paper II
60 Hrs/Sem


4 Hrs/week                                                                                                                       Credits: 4
UNIT - I
Objective:
To name organic compounds and to study polar effects and reaction intermediates.
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds.
Polar effects: Inductive effect, electromeric effect, Mesomeric effect, Steric effect. and Hyperconjugation. Their influence on the reactivity of Organic Compounds. Reaction Intermediates: Homolytic and Heterolytic fission of C-C bonds. Ormation, Properties and Structure of Carbonium ions, carbanions, Free radicals, Carbenes and nitrenes.
Types of Reactions in Organic Chemistry. Substitution, Elimination, Addition and polymerization Electrophiles and Nucleophiles.

UNIT - II
Objective:
To learn reactions and their mechanism in unsaturated hydrocarbons Alkene: Bonding in alkenes-lsomerism in alkenes-Addition to unsymmetrical olefins. (Markownikoff's Rule and Peroxide effect) Ozonolysis and its importance in Structural elucidation.
Alkadienes: Classification – Stability of Conjugated dienes-Preparation, properties, uses and Structure of 1, 3-butadiene – Mechanism of 1, 2 and 1, 4 additions in 1, 3 – butadiene – Diels – Alder addition – Preparation and properties of isoprene
Alkynes: Acidic nature of acetylene – Acetylides of Cu and Ag.

UNIT - III
Objectives:
To study the substitution reaction mechanism Halogen Derivatives of Hydrocarbons: Definition – SN1 and SN2 mechanism, evidences – E1 and E2 mechanism – competition between Substitution and Elimination reactions – Hoffmann's and Saytzeff's Rule and their application.Preparation, properties of Vinyl Chloride and allyl chloride. Comparative reactivity of alkyl halides towards Nucleophilic substitution. Preparation and uses of Westron, Freon and Chloroprene-Role of CFC in environmental degradation.

UNIT - IV
Objectives:
To study the chemistry of alcohols Alcohols: Definition and Classification-Distinction between three classes of alcohols – Synthesis of alcohols by oxymercuration and hydroboration methods. Mechanism of dehydration of alcohols – Estimation of hydroxyl groups – Problems.

UNIT - V
Objectives:
To study the sunthesis and uses of organomettalic compounds. Organmetallic Comounds: Preparation and reactions of diethylzinc and methyl lithium – Preparation and uses of Organo tin and mercury Grignard reagent: Preparation, Structure and applications – Reformatsky reaction. Organo sulphur Compounds: Preparation and properties of thioalcohols and thioethers – Preparation and uses of Sulfonal, mustard gas, Sulfones and S-benzyl thiouranium salt. General methods of Preparation and properties of Alkyl phosphine, alkylsilane and alkyl arsines – Silanols.

Books for reference:
  1. Organic Chemistry Volume 1: Fundamental Principles, I.L. Finar.(ELBS) Longman.
  2. Problems and Their Solution in Organic Chemistry – I.L. Finar, (ELBS) Longman.
  3. Organic Reactions and Reagents – J.N. Gurtu and R.Kapoor, 2004, S.Chand and Company, New Delhi.
  4. Advanced Organic Chemistry – B.S.Bahl and Arun Bahl. S.Chand & co.
  5. Modern Organic Chemistry – M.K. Jain and S.C.Sharma, 2005, Vishal Publishing Company, Jalandhar.
  6. Advanced General Organic Chemistry – S.K. Gosh, 2005, New Central Book Agency, Kolkotha.
Semester II Physical Chemistry Paper I

4 Hrs/week                                                 60 Hrs/Semester                                            Credits: 4

UNIT I - GASEOUS STATE AND LIQUID STATE
Objective:
To study the behaviour of molecules in gaseous and liquid state Maxwell's law of distribution of velocity (derivation not requird) – effect of temperature on distribution of velocities – types of velocities – most probable, average and root mean square velovities – collision diameter – collision number – collision frequency – mean free path. Degree of freedom of gaseous molecules – equilibrium – effect of temperature on vapour pressure – heat of vaporization. Liquid crystals – semetic, Nemetic cholesteric, discotic and polymer liquid crystals.

UNIT II - SOLID STATE
Objective:
To study various properties of solids
Solid state: Types of packing – CCP and HCP packing Types of solids – molecular crystals – covalent crystal – structure of graphite, diamond and fullerene.
Metallic crystals – alkali metals.
Lonic crystals – types of ionic crystals – study of structure of AX types crystal – structure of halite (rock salt and CsCl) – zinc blend.
Study of structure of AX2 type – rutile and fluorite.
Crystal defect – point defect – Schottky defect – Frankel defect, Metal excess and metal deficiency defects.
Crystal growth – from melt (Czochralsky method) – from solution (hydrothermal method) – gel method.

UNIT III - SURFACE CHEMISTRY
Objective:
To understand reactions on a surface.
Adsorption – types of adsorption – chemisorptions and physisorption – factors influencing adsorption.
Freundlich, Langmuir derivation and BET adsorption isotherms and their significances.
Catalysis – types of catalyst – promoter and poison.
Theory of homogeneoys and heterogeneous catalysis
Acid – base catalysis and Enzyme catalysis.

UNIT IV - NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
Objective:
To understand nuclear forces and different mechanisms of nuclear changes and application of nuclear reaction.
Introduction – Composition of Nucleus and Nuclear forces (Meson Field Theory) Nuclear Stability – Mass defect – Binding Energy – Packing fraction – N/P ratio, Magic numbers – Nuclear Models – Liquid drop and Shell models – Isotopes – Isobars – Isotones and isomers.
Radioactivity: laws of radioactivity – Rate of disintegration – Half life and average life, Group displacement law – Radio active series – Nuclear transformations – Use of projectiles – Nuclear reactions – Fission and fusion – Nuclear reactors. Applications of nuclear science in agriculture and medicine carbon dating – Rock dating – Radioactive waste disposal.

UNIT V - THERMODYNAMICS - I
Objective:
To understand the basic concepts of thermodynamics.
Scope and limitations of thermodynamics – Thermodynamic terms – State of a system – Thermodynamic variables – Extensive and Intensive properties – Thermodynamic equilibrium – Zeroth law and concept of temperature – State and path functions – Exact and inexact differentials – Internal energy – First law of Thermodynamic – Work of expansion – Enthalpy – heat capacities of gases – Thermodynamic derivation of relation between Cp and Cv – Energy content of an ideal gas – Differential and integral enthalpy of solution and dilution – Bond energy and calculation of enthalpy of reactions – Kirchoff's equation – Derivation – Flame and explosion temperature.

Books recommended for reference:
  1. Text book of Physical chemistry – Samuel Gladstone, Macmillan.
  2. Elements of Physical chemistry – Puri, Sharma and Pthania, 2003, Vishal publishing company, New Delhi.
  3. Advanced Physical chemistry – Gurdeep Raj.
  4. Essentials of nuclear chemistry – H.J. Amiker.
  5. Chemical thermodynamics – Rajaram and Kuriacose.
SEMESTER II
Paper II – Inorganic Chemistry II

4 Hrs / week                                         60 Hrs / Semester                                         Credits: 4

Unit I - Concept of Electron Transfer
Objective:
To understand the inorganic reactions on the basis of electron transfer.
Oxidation and reduction – electronic concept – Oxidation number – Calculation of oxidation number of elements in compounds and ions – Redox reactions – Important oxidants and their reduction half reactions Fe (III) and potassium permanganate – Important reductants and their oxidation half reactions Fe (II) and oxalic acid – Methods of balancing redox reactions. Lewis concept of acids and bases based on electron transfer. HSAB concept.

Unit II - Metallurgy and d-block elements
Objectives:
To know the basic principles of metallurgy.
To understand the chemistry of d-block elements.
Principles and processes of metallurgy – Occurrence of metals – Concentration of ores – froth floatation, magnetic and chemical separations – Reduction of mineral to the metal – electrolytic and chemical reactions – Refining of metals – zone refining, vacuum arc furnace refining, Van Arkel-deBoer method, chromatography and ion exchange methods.
General characteristics of d-Block elements – Group study of Titanium, Iron groups, Coinage and Zinc groups metals.

Unit III - Chemistry of f-block elements
Objective:
To know the chemistry of f-block elements.
General characteristics of f-block elements – Comparative account of lanthanides and actinides – Occurrence, ozidation states, magnetic properties, colour and spectra – Separation by ion exchange and solvent extraction methods – Lanthanide contraction – Causes and consequences.
Chemistry of Thorium and Uranium - Occurrence, ores, extraction. Isotopes of Thorium and Uranium – preparation, properties and uses of ceric ammonium sulphate, thoriumdioxide, Thorium nitrate, Uranium hexafluoride and uranyl acetate.

Unit IV - Non Aqueous Solvents
Objective:
To understand the inorganic reactions in non aqueous solvents.
Classification of solvents – characteristics of a solvent – dielectric constant, dipole moment and salvation. Liquid ammonia as a non aqueous solvent – Auto ionization – ammono acids and bases – Chemical reactions in liquid ammonia – precipitation, neutralization, solvolysis, complex formation and redox ractions – Solution of alkali metals in liquid ammonia – advantages and disadvantages of liquid ammonia as solvent – Liquid hydrogen fluoride. Liquid SO2 as non aqueous solvent – chemical reactions in liquid SO2.

Unit V - Theory of Practical's
Objective:
To have a theoretical knowledge of the practical course works.
Role of solubility product in the precipitation of various cations in different groups in qualitative analysis – Elimination of interfering acid radicals in the analysis of basic radicals – Types of titrimetric reactions – neutralization, redox, lodo and lodi – Precipitation and complexometri titrations. principle of gravimetric analysis – precipitants – precipitation methods – Conditions of precipitation. Factors influencing precipitation and solubility – co-precipitation – post precipitation – digestion, washing and drying – ignition of the precipitate.

Books of Reference:
  1. Puri B.R., Sharma L.R., Kalia K.K., Principles of Inorganic Chemistry, 23rd edition, New Delhi, Shoban Lal Chand & Co., (1993).
  2. Lee J.D., Concise Inorganic Chemistry, UK, Blackwell Science (2006).
  3. Soni P.L., Textbook of Inorganic chemistry, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi (2006).
  4. Gilreath E.S., Fundamental concepts of Inorganic Chemistry, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishing Co., New Delhi.
  5. Madan R.L. and tuli G.D., Simplified Course in Inorganic Chemistry, S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.
Practical Laboratory Course works
I Year - Semester I and II
Inorganic Quantitative Analysis (Volumetric Method)
2Hrs/Week                                                   Credits: 2                                       Examination : 3 Hrs

(Examination to be held at the end of semester II)

A double titration involving the preparation of a primary standard, standardizing of the link solution, making up of the given solution and its estimation is to be given. Use of digital balance is permitted. Students will be asked to write the procedure of one of the experiments other than the one given for estimation. Marks are allotted for the practical record which should be submitted at the time of practical examination.

List of Experiments

Acidimetry and Alkalimetry
  1. Estimation of Na2Co3 / NaHCO3 mixture using Warder's double indicator method.
    Permanganometry
  2. Estimation of Sodium oxalate using Oxalic acid.
    Lodometry
  3. Estimation of copper using copper Sulphate
  4. Estimation of Potassium dichromate using Potassium dichromate.
    Dichrometry
  5. Estimation of Ferrous iron (external indocator method)
  6. Estimation of Ferric Ferric iron (internal indicator method) Complexometry.
  7. Estimation of Zinc
  8. Estimation of magnesium.
  9. Estimation of cobalt.
  10. Estimation of Lead.
  11. Estimation of Copper.
  12. Estimation of Nickel.
  13. Estimation of Total hardness of water.
Evaluation

Internal Assessment-40 Marks External Assessment-60 Marks Total: 100 Marks
Distribution of Marks (external)
Eaperiment – 50
Procedure writing – 5
Record – 5

Allied Chemistry 1 Group - A
Paper - I - Semester I / III
4 Hrs / week                                         60 Hrs / Semester                                         Credits: 4

Unit 1 - Nuclear Chemistry
Objectives:
To understand the nuclear particles
To know the nuclear reactions and the radioactivity of some nuclei Fundamental particles of nuclear isotopes, Isobars, Isotones and Isomers – Differences between chemical reactions and nuclear reactions – Fusion and fission and its applications – Radioactive series, group displacement law – Mass defect – Applications of radio isotopes – carbon dating, rock dating and medicinal applications.

Unit 2 - Industrial Chemistry
Objectives:
To understand the chemistry, principles involved in some preparations of industrial products.
To know the principle of hard water softening
Fuels – Classification – gaseous fuels like water gas, producer gas, Liquefied petroleum gas, gobar gas, compressed natural gas. Gertilizers – classification – urea, ammonium sulphate, super phosphate, Triple super phosphate, potassium nitrate – manufacture and uses.
Hardness of water – temporary and permanent hardness, disadvantages of hard water – softening of hard water – zeolite process, demineralization process and reverse osmosis – sterlisation of water for domestic use by of chlorine, ozone and UV light.

Unit 3 - Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Objectives:
To understand the fundamentals of organic chemistry and reactions.
To know the electrophilic substitution mechanism in benzene. Hybridization in methane, ethylene, acetylene and benzene – classification of reagents – electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals – Classification of reactions – addition, substitution, elimination, polymerization – Polar effects – Inductive effect, resonance, hyperconjugation, steric effect.

Unit 4 - Chemistry of some useful organic compounds
Objective:
To learn the chemistry of some useful compounds
Preparation and uses of CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4, CF2Cl2 and Teflon. Heterocyclic compounds-Introduction to heterocyclics-Chemistry of Furan, Thiophene, Pyrrole and their uses.

Unit 5 Photochemistry
Objective:
To understand the photochemical phenomenon in systems and the laws that govern them.
To understand the phenomenon of photosynthesis
Introduction to Photochemistry – Statement of Grotthus-Draper law, Beer – Lambert's Law Stark-Einstein's law, Quantum yield – Hydrogen-chloride reaction – Photosynthesis – Phosphorescence – Fluorescence – Chemiluminescence – Definition with examples.

Books for Reference:
  1. Soni P.L and Others, Text book of oraganic Chemistry, Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi, Edition 2006.
  2. Soni P.L and Others, Text book of Inorganic chemistry, Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi, Edition 2006.
  3. Puri B.R, Sharma and Pathania, Text book of Physical Chemistry, Vishal publishing, New Delhi, Edition 2005.
Allied Chemistry - I Group - A
Paper - II
Semester - II / IV
4 Hrs / week                                         60 Hrs / Semester                                         Credits: 4

Unit 1 - Co-ordination Chemistry – Theory and Application
Objectives:
To understand co-ordinate bonding in molecules and the theories related to this bonding.
To know Chelation and its applications
Definition of terms – Classification of ligands – Nomenclature – Chelation – EDTA and its applications – Werner's theory – Effective atomic number (Co(CN6)3 – merits and demerits of Werner and Pauling's theory. Applications of Co-ordination compounds in qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Unit 2 - Carbohydrates
Objective:
To understand the chemistry of carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, starch.
Classification – Preparation and reactions of glucose and fructose. Ascending and Descending the series – Discussion of open and ring structure of glucose – mutarotation – interconversion of glucose to fructose and viceversa – Preparation and properties of sucrose. General properties and uses of starch and cellulose.

Unit 3 - Proteins
Objectives:
To know the chemistry of proteins and aminoacids
To understand the peptide linkages in these biopolymers Aminoacids – classifications, Proteins – Classification according to composition, biological functions and shape – Denaturation and colour reactions of proteins – Structure of proteins – Nucleic acids – DNA and RNA – their components and biological functions.

Unit 4 - Electrochemistry
Objectives:
To understand the principles of electrochemical reactions
To appreciate the behaviour of electrolytes Specific Conductance, Ionic Conductance, Molar Conductance. Equivalent Conductance. Definition of pH and its determination by colorimetric method – Buffer solution – Henderson's equation – Applications of pH and buffer in biological systems. Galvanic cells – EMF and electrode potential – reference electrodes – electrochemical series and its applications – different types of cells – primary cell, secondary cell and fuel cells – Corrosion and its prevention.

Unit 5 - Analytical Chemistry
Objectives:
To understand the principle of chemical analysis – qualitative and quantitative.
To know separation techniques and spectroanalytical techniques. Introduction to Qualitative and Quantitative analysis – Principle of volumetric analysis – Error analysis – types of errors – minimizing errors – accuracy and precision – Methods of expressing precision, mean, median, mean deviation, standard deviation and confidence limit. Chromatographic separations – Principles and applications of column paper, thin layer and ion exchange.

Books for reference:
  1. Soni P.L and Others, Textbook of Organic Chemistry, Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi, Edition 2006.
  2. Soni P.L and Others, Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Sultan Chand and company, New Delhi, Edition 2006.
  3. Puri B.R, Sharma and Pathania, Textbook of Physical chemistry, Vishal Publishing Co., New Delhi, Edition 2006.
Allied Chemistry - II Group - A
Paper I
Semester I / III

4 Hrs / week                                         60 Hrs / Semester                                         Credits: 4

Unit 1 - Nuclear Chemistry
Objectives:
To understand nuclear particles
To know the nuclear reactions and the radioactivity of some nuclei.
Fundamental particles of nuclear isotopes, Isobars, Isotones and Isomers – Differences between chemical reactions and nuclear reactions – Fusion and fission and its applications – radioactive series – group displacement law – mass defect – Applications of radio isotopes – carbon dating, rock dating and medicinal applications.

Unit 2 - Industrial Chemistry
Objectives:
To understand the chemistry principles involved in some preparations of industrial products.
To know the principle of softening hard water.
Fuels – Classification – Gaseous fuels like water gas, producer gas, liquefied petroleum, gas, gobar gas, Compressed natural gas – Fertilizers – Classification – urea, Ammonium sulphate, super phosphate, triple super phosphate, potassium nitrate – manufacture and uses.
Hardness of water – softening of hard water – zeolite process, demineralization process and reverse osmosis – sterilization of water for domestic use by of chlorine, ozone and UV light.

Unit 3 - Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Objective:
To understand the fundamentals of organic chemistry and reactions Hybridization in methane, ethane, acetylene. benzene – Classification of reagents – electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals – Classification of reactions – addition, substitution, elimination, Polymerisation – polar Effects – Inductive effect, resonance, hyper-conjugation, steric effect.

Unit 4 - Thermodynamics
Objective:
To know the laws of thermodynamics and various thermodynamic processes.
To understand the energy changes between the system and the surrounding.
Definition of certain terms – system, surrounding, reversible and irreversible processes – limitations of I law – need for II law – different statements of II Law – Carnot cycle – Efficiency – Carnot theorem – Thermodynamic scale of Temperature – Entropy – Definition Unit and Phase transformation – Free energy – nature of process in terms of free energy and entropy – Statement of third law.

Unit 5 - Chemical Kinetics
Objectives:
To understand the rates of chemical reactions and the energy factor that controls the chemical reactions.
To know the catalytic phenomena in reactions.
Rate of chemical reaction – Differential rate expression – order and molecularity – integrated rate expression for first, second and zero order reactions – Half-life period – Effect of temperature on rate – Activation energy – Arrhenius equation – Arrhenius reaction rate theory – Homogeneous and Heterogeneous catalysis.

Books for reference:
  1. Soni P.L and Others, Textbook of Organic Chemistry, Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi, Edition 2006.
  2. Soni P.L and Others, Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi, Edition 2006.
  3. Puri B.R. Sharma and Pathania, Textnook of Physical chemistry, Vishal Publishing Co., New Delhi, Edition 2006.
Allied Chemistry - II Group - A
Paper II - Semester II / IV

4 Hrs / week                                         60 Hrs / Semester                                         Credits: 4

Unit 1 - Co-ordination Chemistry – Theory and Applications
Objectives:
To understand co-ordinate bonding in molecules and the theories related to this bonding.
To know Chelation and its applications
Definition of terms – Classification of ligands – Nomenclature – Chelation – EDTA and its applications – Werner's theory – Effective atomic number Pauling's theory – Postulates – Applications to (Ni(CO)4), (Ni(CN)4)2, (Co(CN)6)3 – merits and demerits of Werner and Pauling's theory. Applications of co-ordination compounds in qualitative and quantitative analysis – identification of metal ions like Cu, Fe, and Ni – Estimation of Nickel using DMG and estimation of Aluminium using Oxine.

Unit 2 – Biomolecules
Objective:
To understand the chemistry of biomolecules like sugars, proteins and nucleic acids.
Classification – Preparation and reactions of glucose and fructose – Discussion of open and ring structure of glucose – mutarotation – interconversion of glucose to fructose and viceversa – Preparation and properties of sucrose DNA and RNA (elementary idea only) Amino Acid –classifications – Proteins – Structure and colour reactions of proteins.

Unit 3 - Phase Diagram
Objective:
To understand the phase rule and working of this rule in one component and two component systems
Phase rule: Definition of terms, application of phase rule to water system – reduced phase rule and its application to Pb-Ag system – Freezing mixture – Completely miscible and partially miscible liquid systems – upper and lower critical solution temperatures.

Unit 4 Electrochemistry
Objectives:
To understand the principles of electrochemical reactions
To appreciate the behaviour of electrolytes.
Conductance, Ionic mobility and specific conductance – hydrolysis of salts definition of pH and its determination by colorimetric method – Buffer solution – Mechanism of Buffer action Henderson's equation – Applications of buffer in biological system and industries – emf – standard electrode potential – reference electrodes – electrochemical series and its applications – different types of cells – primary cell, secondary cell and fuel cells – Corrosion and its prevention.

Unit 5 Analytical Chemistry
Objectives:
To understand the principles of chemical analysis – qualitative and quantitative.
To know separation techniques and spectranalytical techniques
Introduction to Qualitative and Quantitative analysis – Principle of volumetric and precision – Methods of expressing precision, mean, median, mean deviation, standard deviation and confidence limit.
Chromatographic separations – Principles and applications of column paper, thin layer and ion exchange.

Books for reference:
  1. Soni P.L and Others, Textbook of Organic Chemistry, Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi, Edition 2006.
  2. Soni P.L and Others, Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry, Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi, Edition 2006.
  3. Puri B.R, Sharma and Pathania, Textbook of Physical chemistry, Vishal Publishing Co., New Delhi, Edition 2006.
Allied Chemistry Group - B
Paper I - Semester I / III
4 Hrs / week                                         60 Hrs / Semester                                         Credits: 4

Unit I - Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry
Objective:
To understand the fundamentals of organic chemistry and reactions
Hybridization in methane, ethane, acetylene. benzene – Classification of reagents – electrophiles, nucleophiles and free radicals – Classification of reactions – addition, substitution, elimination, Polymerisation – polar effects – Inductive effect, resonance, hyper-conjugation, steric effect.

Unit 2
Objectives:

To understand the principles of electrochemical reactions
To appreciate the behaviour of electrolytes Conductance, Ionic mobility and specific conductance – hydrolysis of salts – definition of pH and its determination by colorimetric method – Buffer solution – Mechanism of Buffer action Henderson's equation – Applications of buffer in biological system and industries – emf – standard electrode potential – reference electrodes – electrochemical series and its applications – different types of cells – primary cell, secondary cell and fuel cells – Corrosion and its prevention.

Unit 3 - Industrial Chemistry
Objectives:
To Study the Chemistry of fuels and fertilizers
To know the principle of softening hard water
Fuels – Classification – Gaseous fuels like water gas, producer gas, liquefied petroleum gas, gobar gas, Compressed natural gas – Fertilizers – Classification – urea, Ammonium sulphate, super phosphate, triple super phosphate, potassium nitrate – manufacture and uses.
Hardness of water – softening of hard water – zeolite process, demineralization process and reverse osmosis – sterilization of water for domestic use by chlorine, ozone and UV light.

Unit 4 - Applied Chemistry
Objective:
To study the chemistry of textiles and Rubber.
Textile chemistry – fibre – definition – natural and synth etic fibres – manufacture of rayon, nylon, saron and Teflon – uses of these fibres. Rubber industry – types of rubber – vulcanization of rubber – compounding of rubber – synthetic rubber – Buna-S, Buna-N and butyl rubber – neoprene – Thiokol – silicone rubber – foam rubber.

Unit 5 Carbohydrates
Objective:
To understand the chemistry of carbohydrates such as glucose, fructose, starch.
Classification – Preparation and reactions of glucose and fructose. Ascending and Descending the series – Discussion of open and ring structure of glucose – mutarotaion – interconversion of glucose to fructose and viceversa – preparation and properties of sucrose. General properties and uses of starch and cellulose.

Book for Reference:
  1. Soni P.L and Others, Textbook of Organic Chemistry, Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi, Edition 2006.
  2. Industrial chemistry – B.K Sharma.
  3. Polymer Science – N.V. Viswanathan and J. Sreedhar.
  4. Puri B.R, Sharma and Pathania, Textbook of Physical chemistry, Vishal Publishing Co., New Delhi, Edition 2006.
Allied Chemistry Group - B
Paper - II - Semester II / IV

4 Hrs / week                                         60 Hrs / Semester                                         Credits: 4

Unit I - Atomic structure and Chemical bonding
Objective:
To study the atomic structure and chemical bonding
Atomic structure: Wave nature of matter – de-broglie's equation – Davisson Germer experiment – Schrodinger wave equation (derivation not required) – atomic models and their significance – quantum numbers – Pauli's exclusion principle – Hund's rule Aufbau principle – electronic configuration of elements.
Chemical Bonding: Ionic bond, Covalent bond, Co-ordinate bond and their characteristics.

Unit II - Nuclear Chemistry
Objective:
To understand the nuclear particles and nuclear reactions.
Fundamental particles of nuclear isotopes, Isobars, Isotones and Isomers – Differences between chemical reactions and nuclear reactions – Fusion and fission and its applications – radioactive series – group displacement law – mass defect – Applications of radio isotopes – carbon dating, rock dating and medicinal applications.

Unit III - Alloys and Lubricants
Objective:
have knowledge of alloys and lubricants
Definition, classification – purpose of making alloys – important alloys of Iron – pig Iron – cast Iron and steel, important alloys of Copper – Bronze, brass & gun metal. Alloys of Aluminium Duralumin – Alloys of Nickel – Nickel Iron, Nickel Chrome, Nickel Copper composition and uses.
Lubricants, definition – classification – criteria for good lubricant oils – synthesis of lubricants with examples – Greases/semisolid lubricant – Graphite and molybdenum disulphide.

Unit IV - Ceramics & Protective Coating
Objective:
To have the knowledge of paints and Ceramics
Paints – definition – constituents of paints – pigments – vehicles – driers – thinners.
Resins – lacquers – varnishes – examples for each class.
Ceramics – plasticity of clays – white ware – manufacture of white ware – glazing – purpose and method glazing – earthernwares and stone wares.

Unit V
Objective:
To understand the rate of chemical reactions and role of catalyst Rate of chemical reaction – Differential rate expression – order and molecularity – integrated rate expression for first, second and zero order reactions – Half-life period – Effect of temperature on rate – Activation energy – Arrhenius equation – Arrhenius reaction rate theory – Homogeneous and Heterogeneous catalysis with examples.

Books for Reference:
  1. Puri B.R, Sharma and Pathania, Textbook of Physical chemistry, Vishal Publishing Co., New Delhi, Edition 2006.
  2. Industrial chemistry – B.K. Sharma.
  3. Soni P.L and Others, Textbook of Inorganic chemistry, Sultan Chand and Company, New Delhi, Edition 2006.
Allied chemistry Practical Semesters I to IV
(Common to all branches)
2 Hrs / week                                         30 Hrs / Semester                                         Credits: 2

List of experiments:
I-Volumetric Analysis
  1. Estimation of Sodium Hydroxide using standard Sodium carbonate.
  2. Estimation of Hydrochloric acid using standard Oxalic acid.
  3. Estimation of ferrous sulphate using standard Mohr's salt.
  4. Estimation of oxalic acid using standard ferrous sulphate.
  5. Estimation of Potassium permanganate using standard Sodium hydroxide.
  6. Estimation of ferrous ion using diphenylamine as internal indicator.
  7. Estimation of Zinc using EDTA.
  8. Estimation of Magnesium using EDTA.
II - Organic Analysis
Systematic analysis of organic compounds containing one functional group and characterization by a confirmatory test.
  1. Detection of element (N)
  2. Distinction between aliphatic and aromatic compounds.
  3. Detection of functional groups – phenol, acids (mono and di). Aromatic primary amine, amide, diamide and glucose.
Reference:
Textbook of practical chemistry, Mani and Thomas.

Evaluation
Internal Assessment – 40 Marks External Assessment – 60 Marks Total: 100 Marks.
Distribution of Marks (external)
Experiment – 50
Procedure writing - 5
Record - 5